Host or Join a Multiplayer Session on LAN
Code and workflows for hosting and/or joining a multiplayer session on LAN, and gracefully handling hosts/clients leaving
Host/join a game and gracefully handle host/client leaving
We will add logic to our transition between NavigateScene and MainScene that configures whether or not MainScene loads up ServerWorld and what IP address ClientWorld connects to.
We will also gracefully handle hosts or clients leaving a game.
We have 3 views that could take us to MainScene:
- HostGameScreen
- JoinGameScreen
- ManualConnectScreen
Asteroid NavigationScene view flow diagram
We will update the custom Visual Elements (cVE) of HostGameScreen and ManualConnectScreen views to initially populate their values with system data. "Player Name" and "Game Name" will default to the host name of the machine running the application. We will update JoinGameScreen in the next section, "Broadcasting and Joining on LAN," when we work on broadcasting.
We will also update our LocalGamesFinder script (which we use to populate the table) with two new public variables, "Broadcast Ip Address" and "Broadcast Port." These values will be used in the next section, but we will update our ServerLaunchObject with these values now in this section to avoid doubling back to this flow diagram (which would be annoying for us and not really teach us anything).
We have a single script called "ClientServerLauncher" that handles the callbacks for these 3 views mentioned above. We will update ClientServerLauncher so that it will create the ClientLaunchObject and ServerLaunchObject that currently exist in our MainScene.
We will also update our ClientLaunchObjectData and ServerLaunchObjectData with our new broadcast, game, and player fields. ClientServerConnectionHandler will then pass this data onto our ClientServerInfo object.
We will update ClientDataComponent and ServerDataComponent to hold this additional information. We will also make GameNameComponent to be used by the client to store the game name.
To pass the game name from the server to the client we will update our load game workflow.
Finally, we will create GameOverlayUpdater to update the Game UI on the client with the new game and player information.
- Let's update LocalGamesFinder used by LocalGamesDiscovery in NavigateScene to be the "source of truth" for which IP address and port our server will broadcast UDP packets on
- This is similar to how the game port is stored in MainScene in the ClientServerInfo GameObject
- Add these lines to LocalGamesFinder.cs. Put them before OnEnable()
///The broadcast ip address and port to be used by the server across the LAN
public string BroadcastIpAddress = "255.255.255.255";
public ushort BroadcastPort = 8014;
Update the LocalGamesFinder file with 2 new public variables
- Now let's update HostGameScreen to automatically populate data based on host name and IP address
- To do this, we will first update the uxml so that the game's IP address is read-only
- This way, the host is not able to configure which IP address their machine can bind on
- Why didn't we just build it this way in the first place?!
- We thought there would be more "oomph" to this tutorial if we point out that a machine cannot configure which IP address they can start a server on in Unity 😉
- With the code snippet below, we are updating the HostGameScreen uxml by changing a TextField VisualElement to a Label VisualElement
- Paste the code snippet below into HostGameScreen.uxml:
<ui:UXML xmlns:ui="UnityEngine.UIElements" xmlns:uie="UnityEditor.UIElements" editor-extension-mode="False">
<Style src="TitleScreenUI.uss" />
<ui:ScrollView class="screen-scroll-container">
<HostGameScreen name="HostGameScreen" class="screen HostGameScreen">
<ui:VisualElement name="header" class="header">
<ui:Button text="Main Menu" display-tooltip-when-elided="True" name="back-button" class="quit-button main-menu-button" />
</ui:VisualElement>
<ui:VisualElement name="main-content" class="main-content" style="top: 108px; left: auto; position: absolute;">
<ui:Label text="3D XR Asteroids" display-tooltip-when-elided="True" name="title" class="title" />
<ui:VisualElement name="section-title-container" class="section-title-container">
<ui:Label text="Host a Local Game" display-tooltip-when-elided="True" name="section-title" class="section-title" style="color: rgb(160, 194, 114);" />
</ui:VisualElement>
<ui:VisualElement name="game-name-container" class="data-section">
<ui:TextField picking-mode="Ignore" value="HostNameValue" text="GameName" name="game-name" class="data-section-input" />
<ui:Label text="Your Game Name" display-tooltip-when-elided="True" name="game-name-label" class="data-section-label" />
</ui:VisualElement>
<ui:VisualElement name="game-ip-container" class="data-section">
<ui:Label text="127.0.0.1" display-tooltip-when-elided="True" name="game-ip" class="data-section-input" style="border-left-width: 0; border-right-width: 0; border-top-width: 0; border-bottom-width: 0;" />
<ui:Label text="Your Game's IP Address" display-tooltip-when-elided="True" name="game-ip-label" class="data-section-label" />
</ui:VisualElement>
<ui:VisualElement name="player-name-container" class="data-section">
<ui:TextField picking-mode="Ignore" value="PlayerNameValue" text="PlayerName" name="player-name" readonly="false" class="data-section-input" style="border-left-color: rgb(150, 191, 208); border-right-color: rgb(150, 191, 208); border-top-color: rgb(150, 191, 208); border-bottom-color: rgb(150, 191, 208);" />
<ui:Label text="Your Player Name" display-tooltip-when-elided="True" name="player-name-label" class="data-section-label" style="color: rgb(150, 191, 208);" />
</ui:VisualElement>
<ui:Button text="Host Game" display-tooltip-when-elided="True" name="launch-host-game" class="green-button" />
</ui:VisualElement>
</HostGameScreen>
</ui:ScrollView>
</ui:UXML>
Updating HostGameScreen uxml to have an IP address as a label
- Now let's update the HostGameScreen custom VisualElement (cVE)
- We will pull the host name data and place it in both our Game Name field and our Player Name field
- We will pull the host IP address and place it in our IP Address label
- Paste the code snippet below into HostGameScreen.cs (cVE):
using System;
using System.Text;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Net.NetworkInformation;
using System.Collections;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Threading;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.UIElements;
using Unity.Entities;
using Unity.NetCode;
using UnityEngine.SceneManagement;
public class HostGameScreen : VisualElement
{
//We will update these fields with system data
TextField m_GameName;
Label m_GameIp;
TextField m_PlayerName;
//These are the system data variables we will be using
String m_HostName = "";
IPAddress m_MyIp;
public new class UxmlFactory : UxmlFactory<HostGameScreen, UxmlTraits> { }
public HostGameScreen()
{
this.RegisterCallback<GeometryChangedEvent>(OnGeometryChange);
}
void OnGeometryChange(GeometryChangedEvent evt)
{
//
// PROVIDE ACCESS TO THE FORM ELEMENTS THROUGH VARIABLES
//
m_GameName = this.Q<TextField>("game-name");
m_GameIp = this.Q<Label>("game-ip");
m_PlayerName = this.Q<TextField>("player-name");
//
// INITIALIZE ALL THE TEXT FIELD WITH NETWORK INFORMATION
//
m_HostName = Dns.GetHostName();
// "best tip of all time award" to MichaelBluestein
// somehow this is the best way to get your IP address on all the internet
foreach (var netInterface in NetworkInterface.GetAllNetworkInterfaces()) {
if (netInterface.OperationalStatus == OperationalStatus.Up &&
(netInterface.NetworkInterfaceType == NetworkInterfaceType.Wireless80211 ||
netInterface.NetworkInterfaceType == NetworkInterfaceType.Ethernet)) {
foreach (var addrInfo in netInterface.GetIPProperties().UnicastAddresses) {
if (addrInfo.Address.AddressFamily == AddressFamily.InterNetwork) {
m_MyIp = addrInfo.Address;
}
}
}
}
//Now we set our VisualElement fields
m_GameName.value = m_HostName;
m_GameIp.text = m_MyIp.ToString();
m_PlayerName.value = m_HostName;
this.UnregisterCallback<GeometryChangedEvent>(OnGeometryChange);
}
}
Updating HostGameScreen cVE to populate fields
- We also need to update our ManualConnectScreen uxml to have default data of 127.0.0.1
- Paste the code snippet below into ManualConnectScreen.uxml:
<ui:UXML xmlns:ui="UnityEngine.UIElements" xmlns:uie="UnityEditor.UIElements" editor-extension-mode="False">
<Style src="TitleScreenUI.uss" />
<ui:ScrollView class="screen-scroll-container">
<ManualConnectScreen name="ManualConnectScreen" class="screen ManualConnectScreen">
<ui:VisualElement name="header" class="header">
<ui:Button text="Back Button" display-tooltip-when-elided="True" name="back-button" class="quit-button main-menu-button" />
</ui:VisualElement>
<ui:VisualElement name="main-content" class="main-content">
<ui:Label text="3D XR Asteroids" display-tooltip-when-elided="True" name="title" class="title" />
<ui:VisualElement name="section-title-container" class="section-title-container">
<ui:Label text="Manually Connect" display-tooltip-when-elided="True" name="section-title" class="section-title" />
</ui:VisualElement>
<ui:VisualElement name="game-ip-container" class="data-section">
<ui:TextField picking-mode="Ignore" value="127.0.0.1" text="127.0.0.1" name="game-ip" readonly="false" class="data-section-input" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" />
<ui:Label text="Game's IP Address" display-tooltip-when-elided="True" name="game-ip-label" class="data-section-label" />
</ui:VisualElement>
<ui:VisualElement name="player-name-container" class="data-section">
<ui:TextField picking-mode="Ignore" value="PlayerNameValue" text="PlayerName" name="player-name" readonly="false" class="data-section-input" style="border-left-color: rgb(150, 191, 208); border-right-color: rgb(150, 191, 208); border-top-color: rgb(150, 191, 208); border-bottom-color: rgb(150, 191, 208);" />
<ui:Label text="Your Player Name" display-tooltip-when-elided="True" name="player-name-label" class="data-section-label" style="color: rgb(150, 191, 208);" />
</ui:VisualElement>
<ui:Button text="Join Game" display-tooltip-when-elided="True" name="launch-connect-game" class="blue-button" style="height: 120px;" />
</ui:VisualElement>
</ManualConnectScreen>
</ui:ScrollView>
</ui:UXML>
Updating ManualConnectScreen uxml IP address default value
- Previously ManualConnectScreen uxml had a "Value" of "HostIPValue" even though the text read "127.0.0.1"
- This illustrates that there can be a difference between what TextField "shows" and what "value" is saved
- Once you update the TextField the value updates to what text is entered (automatically)
- Next, update our ManualConnectScreen cVE
- Here we only set our Player Name
- We will not automatically set the IP address using any information
- We leave the local host IP address as the default to hopefully inform our user that if this address is not updated, the client will try and connect to itself without a running server, which will not work
- Paste the code snippet below into ManualConnectScreen.cs (cVE):
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.UIElements;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.NetworkInformation;
using System.Net.Sockets;
public class ManualConnectScreen : VisualElement
{
//We will update these fields with system data
TextField m_GameIp;
TextField m_PlayerName;
//These are the system data variables we will be using
string m_HostName = "";
public new class UxmlFactory : UxmlFactory<ManualConnectScreen, UxmlTraits> { }
public ManualConnectScreen()
{
this.RegisterCallback<GeometryChangedEvent>(OnGeometryChange);
}
void OnGeometryChange(GeometryChangedEvent evt)
{
//
// PROVIDE ACCESS TO THE FORM ELEMENTS THROUGH VARIABLES
//
m_GameIp = this.Q<TextField>("game-ip");
m_PlayerName = this.Q<TextField>("player-name");
//
// INITIALIZE ALL THE TEXT FIELD WITH NETWORK INFORMATION
//
m_HostName = Dns.GetHostName();
//Now we set our VisualElement fields
m_PlayerName.value = m_HostName;
this.UnregisterCallback<GeometryChangedEvent>(OnGeometryChange);
}
}
Updating ManualConnectScreen cVE to populate with system data
- With NavigationScene section, hit play
- Navigate to the Host Game view and the Manual Connect view
Checking out Host and Manual screen values population
- Great, our system data populates in the appropriate fields
- Now we need to update the data we will be passing through to MainScene in these scripts:
- ClientLaunchObjectData
- ServerLaunchObjectData
- First start by pasting the code snippet below into ClientLaunchObjectData.cs:
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
using System.Net;
public class ClientLaunchObjectData : MonoBehaviour
{
//This will be set by ClientServerLauncher in NavigationScene
//It will then be pulled out in MainScene and put into ClientServerInfo
public string PlayerName;
public string IPAddress;
}
- Next, paste this code snippet into ServerLaunchObjectData.cs:
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
using System.Net;
public class ServerLaunchObjectData : MonoBehaviour
{
//This will be set by ClientServerLauncher in NavigationScene
//It will then be pulled out in MainScene and put into ClientServerInfo
public string GameName;
public string BroadcastIpAddress;
public ushort BroadcastPort;
}
Updating our launch objects' data to hold new values
- Now go to Main Scene
- Drag our ClientLaunchObject and ServerLaunchObject from MainScene into our Scripts and Prefabs folder to make them prefabs
- Then delete them from MainScene
- We will now be able to reference them in our ClientServerLauncher script
- Great, now let's update ClientServerLauncher to grab data from the views and populate them in our launch objects
- Paste the code snippet below into ClientServerLauncher.cs:
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Net.NetworkInformation;
using Unity.Entities;
using Unity.NetCode;
using UnityEngine.UIElements;
using UnityEngine.SceneManagement;
public class ClientServerLauncher : MonoBehaviour
{
//These will be used to grab the broadcasting port and address
public LocalGamesFinder GameBroadcasting;
private string m_BroadcastIpAddress;
private ushort m_BroadcastPort;
//These are the variables that will get us access to the UI views
//This is how we can grab active UI into a script
//If this is confusing checkout the "Making a List" page in the gitbook
//This is the UI Document from the Hierarchy in NavigationScene
public UIDocument m_TitleUIDocument;
private VisualElement m_titleScreenManagerVE;
//These variables we will set by querying the parent UI Document
private HostGameScreen m_HostGameScreen;
private JoinGameScreen m_JoinGameScreen;
private ManualConnectScreen m_ManualConnectScreen;
//These will persist through the scene transition
//MainScene will look for 1 or both of the objects
//Based on what MainScene finds it will initialize as Server/Client
public GameObject ServerLauncherObject;
public GameObject ClientLauncherObject;
//These pieces of data will be taken from the views
//and put into the launch objects that persist between scenes
public TextField m_GameName;
public TextField m_GameIp;
public Label m_GameIpLabel;
public TextField m_PlayerName;
void OnEnable()
{
//Here we set our variables for our different views so we can then add call backs to their buttons
m_titleScreenManagerVE = m_TitleUIDocument.rootVisualElement;
m_HostGameScreen = m_titleScreenManagerVE.Q<HostGameScreen>("HostGameScreen");
m_JoinGameScreen = m_titleScreenManagerVE.Q<JoinGameScreen>("JoinGameScreen");
m_ManualConnectScreen = m_titleScreenManagerVE.Q<ManualConnectScreen>("ManualConnectScreen");
//Host Game Screen callback
m_HostGameScreen.Q("launch-host-game")?.RegisterCallback<ClickEvent>(ev => ClickedHostGame());
//Join Game Screen callback
m_JoinGameScreen.Q("launch-join-game")?.RegisterCallback<ClickEvent>(ev => ClickedJoinGame());
//Manual Connect Screen callback
m_ManualConnectScreen.Q("launch-connect-game")?.RegisterCallback<ClickEvent>(ev => ClickedConnectGame());
}
// Start is called before the first frame update
void Start()
{
//We are grabbing the broadcasting information from the discover script
//We are going to bundle it with the server launch object so it can broadcast at that information
m_BroadcastIpAddress = GameBroadcasting.BroadcastIpAddress;
m_BroadcastPort = GameBroadcasting.BroadcastPort;
}
void ClickedHostGame()
{
//This gets the latest values on the screen
//Our HostGameScreen cVE defaults these values but player name and game name can be updated
//We set these VisualElement variables OnClick instead of OnEnable because this way
//we don't need to make a variable for player name for every view, just 1 and set which view
//we get it from OnClick (which is when we need it)
m_GameName = m_HostGameScreen.Q<TextField>("game-name");
m_GameIpLabel = m_HostGameScreen.Q<Label>("game-ip");
m_PlayerName = m_HostGameScreen.Q<TextField>("player-name");
//Now we grab the values from the VisualElements
var gameName = m_GameName.value;
var gameIp = m_GameIpLabel.text;
var playerName = m_PlayerName.value;
//When we click "Host Game" that means we want to be both a server and a client
//So we will trigger both functions for the server and client
ServerLauncher(gameName);
ClientLauncher(playerName, gameIp);
//This function will trigger the MainScene
StartGameScene();
}
void ClickedJoinGame()
{
//This gets the latest values on the screen
//Our JoinGameScreen cVE defaults these values but player name can be updated
//We set these VisualElement variables OnClick instead of OnEnable because this way
//we don't need to make a variable for player name for every view, just 1 and set which view
//we get it from OnClick (which is when we need it)
m_GameIpLabel = m_JoinGameScreen.Q<Label>("game-ip");
m_PlayerName = m_JoinGameScreen.Q<TextField>("player-name");
//Now we grab the values from the VisualElements
var gameIp = m_GameIpLabel.text;
var playerName = m_PlayerName.value;
//When we click "Join Game" that means we want to be only a client
ClientLauncher(playerName, gameIp);
//This function will trigger the MainScene
StartGameScene();
}
void ClickedConnectGame()
{
//This gets the latest values on the screen
//Our ManualConnectScreen cVE defaults these values but player name and IP address be updated
//We set these VisualElement variables OnClick instead of OnEnable because this way
//we don't need to make a variable for player name for every view, just 1 and set which view
//we get it from OnClick (which is when we need it)
m_GameIp = m_ManualConnectScreen.Q<TextField>("game-ip");
m_PlayerName = m_ManualConnectScreen.Q<TextField>("player-name");
//Now we grab the values from the VisualElements
var gameIp = m_GameIp.value;
var playerName = m_PlayerName.value;
//When we click "Join Game" that means we want to be only a client
ClientLauncher(playerName, gameIp);
//This function will trigger the MainScene
StartGameScene();
}
public void ServerLauncher(string gameName)
{
//Here we create the launch GameObject and load it with necessary data
GameObject serverObject = Instantiate(ServerLauncherObject);
DontDestroyOnLoad(serverObject);
//This sets up the server object with all its necessary data
serverObject.GetComponent<ServerLaunchObjectData>().GameName = gameName;
serverObject.GetComponent<ServerLaunchObjectData>().BroadcastIpAddress = m_BroadcastIpAddress;
serverObject.GetComponent<ServerLaunchObjectData>().BroadcastPort = m_BroadcastPort;
//CreateServerWorld is a method provided by ClientServerBootstrap for precisely this reason
//Manual creation of worlds
//We must grab the DefaultGameObjectInjectionWorld first as it is needed to create our ServerWorld
var world = World.DefaultGameObjectInjectionWorld;
#if !UNITY_CLIENT || UNITY_SERVER || UNITY_EDITOR
ClientServerBootstrap.CreateServerWorld(world, "ServerWorld");
#endif
}
public void ClientLauncher(string playerName, string ipAddress)
{
//Here we create the launch GameObject and load it with necessary data
GameObject clientObject = Instantiate(ClientLauncherObject);
DontDestroyOnLoad(clientObject);
clientObject.GetComponent<ClientLaunchObjectData>().PlayerName = playerName;
clientObject.GetComponent<ClientLaunchObjectData>().IPAddress = ipAddress;
//We grab the DefaultGameObjectInjectionWorld because it is needed to create ClientWorld
var world = World.DefaultGameObjectInjectionWorld;
//We have to account for the fact that we may be in the Editor and using ThinClients
//We initially start with 1 client world which will not change if not in the editor
int numClientWorlds = 1;
int totalNumClients = numClientWorlds;
//If in the editor we grab the amount of ThinClients from ClientServerBootstrap class (it is a static variable)
//We add that to the total amount of worlds we must create
#if UNITY_EDITOR
int numThinClients = ClientServerBootstrap.RequestedNumThinClients;
totalNumClients += numThinClients;
#endif
//We create the necessary number of worlds and append the number to the end
for (int i = 0; i < numClientWorlds; ++i)
{
ClientServerBootstrap.CreateClientWorld(world, "ClientWorld" + i);
}
#if UNITY_EDITOR
for (int i = numClientWorlds; i < totalNumClients; ++i)
{
var clientWorld = ClientServerBootstrap.CreateClientWorld(world, "ClientWorld" + i);
clientWorld.EntityManager.CreateEntity(typeof(ThinClientComponent));
}
#endif
}
void StartGameScene()
{
//Here we trigger MainScene
#if UNITY_EDITOR
if(Application.isPlaying)
#endif
SceneManager.LoadSceneAsync("MainScene");
#if UNITY_EDITOR
else
Debug.Log("Loading: " + "MainScene");
#endif
}
}
Updating ClientServerLauncher to pass through new data
- Now let's drag our ClientLaunchObject and ServerLaunchObject prefabs from the Scripts and Prefabs folder into the appropriate fields in our ClientServerLauncher GameObject in NavigationScene
- As a reminder you can find these fields in Inspector when ClientServerLauncher is selected in Hierarchy
- Lastly, let's also drag our LocalGamesDiscovery GameObject (in Hierarchy) into the Game Broadcasting field
Updating our ClientServerLauncher GameObject
- Let's hit play, navigate to Host Game, click Host, and check it out
Checking out hosting configuration through launch objects
- Now we are able to create our launch objects and our proper worlds are created 👍
- Now let's go to Manual Connect screen and join an IP address
Checking out joining configuration through launch objects
- We can see from the logs that we have attempted to connect to the proper IP address
We are now able to take configurations from our NavigationScene and use them to create launch objects that are interpreted by our MainScene
- We updated LocalGamesFinder
- We updated our HostGameScreen uxml
- We updated HostGameScreen and ManualConnectScreen cVEs to populate with default system data
- We updated ClientLaunchObjectData and ServerLaunchObject data to take in more configuration data
- We turned ClientLaunchObjectData and ServerLaunchObject into prefabs, and removed them from MainScene
- We updated ClientServerLauncher to pull data and put them into our launch objects
- Now let's update ClientServerInfo to be able to take in the additional information provided by the launch objects
- Paste the code snippet below into ClientServerInfo.cs:
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
using Unity.Collections;
using System;
public class ClientServerInfo : MonoBehaviour
{
public bool IsServer = false;
public bool IsClient = false;
public string ConnectToServerIp;
public ushort GamePort = 5001;
public string GameName;
public string PlayerName;
public string BroadcastIpAddress;
public ushort BroadcastPort;
}
Updating ClientServerInfo to take in more data
- Let's also update our ServerDataComponent to take in additional information: game name
- We want our server to send the game name data to our client
- A client manually connects to an IP address; they must be sent the name
- Paste the code snippet below into ServerDataComponent.cs:
using Unity.Entities;
using Unity.Collections;
public struct ServerDataComponent : IComponentData
{
public FixedString64Bytes GameName;
public ushort GamePort;
}
- Now we will update ClientDataComponent to take in additional information: player name
- We will make use of this in the "Scorekeeping" section when the player name needs to be sent to the server in order to keep score
- Paste the code snippet below into ClientDataComponent.cs:
using System;
using Unity.Entities;
using Unity.Collections;
public struct ClientDataComponent : IComponentData
{
//Must used "FixedStringN" instead of stirng in IComponentData
//This is a DOTS requirement because IComponentData must be a struct
public FixedString64Bytes ConnectToServerIp;
public ushort GamePort;
public FixedString64Bytes PlayerName;
}
- We must also create a new component called GameNameComponent in Multiplayer Setup to store the game name on the client
- Right-click in Multiplayer Setup > Create > C# Script > name it "GameNameComponent"
- It may seem weird to create a component for game name because we already have that data set in ClientServerInfo when hosting a session. However, please remember that we are building both a host build and a client build, and the client will not immediately have this information if they manually connect to an IP address
- OK, then why aren't we just putting GameName inside ClientDataComponent? Why are we making a new component? Don't we have enough of these components already?!
- Let us explain ourselves: .GameName is a FixedString64Bytes string, which means that it faces a limitation if and when it's used in a component. The limitation of using FixedString in a component is that you cannot "tell" if the value of the FixedString has been set if it's in a component
- FixedStringByte's default value is equal to an empty string
- So to circumvent this limitation, we need to create an entirely separate component just to store the value of GameName. To see if its value has been set, we check for the existence of the entire component
- This mouthful is just to explain and show you that you cannot check to see if a FixedStringByte field has been updated in a component
- Paste the code snippet below into GameNameComponent.cs:
using Unity.Entities;
using Unity.Collections;
public struct GameNameComponent : IComponentData
{
//Must used "FixedStringN" instead of stirng in IComponentData
//This is a DOTS requirement because IComponentData must be a struct
public FixedString64Bytes GameName;
}
Creating GameNameComponent
- Now let's update our ClientServerConnectionHandler to pass through more data from the launch objects to ClientServerInfo as well as ClientDataComponent and ServerDataComponent
- Paste the code snippet below into ClientServerConnectionHandler.cs:
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
using Unity.Entities;
using Unity.NetCode;
using UnityEngine.UIElements;
using UnityEngine.SceneManagement;
public class ClientServerConnectionHandler : MonoBehaviour
{
//This is the store of server/client info
public ClientServerInfo ClientServerInfo;
//These are the launch objects from Navigation scene that tells what to set up
private GameObject[] launchObjects;
//These will gets access to the UI views
public UIDocument m_GameUIDocument;
private VisualElement m_GameManagerUIVE;
void OnEnable()
{
//This will put callback on "Quit Game" button
//This triggers the clean up function (ClickedQuitGame)
m_GameManagerUIVE = m_GameUIDocument.rootVisualElement;
m_GameManagerUIVE.Q("quit-game")?.RegisterCallback<ClickEvent>(ev => ClickedQuitGame());
}
void Awake()
{
launchObjects = GameObject.FindGameObjectsWithTag("LaunchObject");
foreach(GameObject launchObject in launchObjects)
{
///
//Checks for server launch object
//If it exists it creates ServerDataComponent InitializeServerComponent and
//passes through server data to ClientServerInfo
//
if(launchObject.GetComponent<ServerLaunchObjectData>() != null)
{
//This sets the gameobject server data in ClientServerInfo (mono)
ClientServerInfo.IsServer = true;
ClientServerInfo.GameName = launchObject.GetComponent<ServerLaunchObjectData>().GameName;
ClientServerInfo.BroadcastIpAddress = launchObject.GetComponent<ServerLaunchObjectData>().BroadcastIpAddress;
ClientServerInfo.BroadcastPort = launchObject.GetComponent<ServerLaunchObjectData>().BroadcastPort;
//This sets the component server data in server world(dots)
//ClientServerConnectionControl (server) will run in server world
//it will pick up this component and use it to listen on the port
foreach (var world in World.All)
{
//we cycle through all the worlds, and if the world has ServerSimulationSystemGroup
//we move forward (because that is the server world)
if (world.GetExistingSystem<ServerSimulationSystemGroup>() != null)
{
var ServerDataEntity = world.EntityManager.CreateEntity();
world.EntityManager.AddComponentData(ServerDataEntity, new ServerDataComponent
{
GameName = ClientServerInfo.GameName,
GamePort = ClientServerInfo.GamePort
});
//Create component that allows server initialization to run
world.EntityManager.CreateEntity(typeof(InitializeServerComponent));
}
}
}
//
//Checks for client launch object
//If it exists it creates ClientDataComponent, InitializeServerComponent and
// passes through client data to ClientServerInfo
//
if(launchObject.GetComponent<ClientLaunchObjectData>() != null)
{
//This sets the gameobject data in ClientServerInfo (mono)
ClientServerInfo.IsClient = true;
ClientServerInfo.ConnectToServerIp = launchObject.GetComponent<ClientLaunchObjectData>().IPAddress;
ClientServerInfo.PlayerName = launchObject.GetComponent<ClientLaunchObjectData>().PlayerName;
//This sets the component client data in server world (dots)
//ClientServerConnectionControl (client) will run in client world
//it will pick up this component and use it connect to IP and port
foreach (var world in World.All)
{
//We cycle through all the worlds, and if the world has ClientSimulationSystemGroup
//we move forward (because that is the client world)
if (world.GetExistingSystem<ClientSimulationSystemGroup>() != null)
{
var ClientDataEntity = world.EntityManager.CreateEntity();
world.EntityManager.AddComponentData(ClientDataEntity, new ClientDataComponent
{
PlayerName = ClientServerInfo.PlayerName,
ConnectToServerIp = ClientServerInfo.ConnectToServerIp,
GamePort = ClientServerInfo.GamePort
});
//Create component that allows client initialization to run
world.EntityManager.CreateEntity(typeof(InitializeClientComponent));
}
}
}
}
}
// Start is called before the first frame update
void Start()
{
}
// Update is called once per frame
void Update()
{
}
//This function will navigate us to NavigationScene
void ClickedQuitGame()
{
#if UNITY_EDITOR
if(Application.isPlaying)
#endif
SceneManager.LoadSceneAsync("NavigationScene");
#if UNITY_EDITOR
else
Debug.Log("Loading: " + "NavigationScene");
#endif
}
//When the OnDestroy method is called (because of our transition to NavigationScene) we
//must delete all our entities and our created worlds to go back to a blank state
//This way we can move back and forth between scenes and "start from scratch" each time
void OnDestroy()
{
//This query deletes all entities
World.DefaultGameObjectInjectionWorld.EntityManager.DestroyEntity(World.DefaultGameObjectInjectionWorld.EntityManager.UniversalQuery);
//This query deletes all worlds
World.DisposeAllWorlds();
//We return to our initial world that we started with, defaultWorld
var bootstrap = new NetCodeBootstrap();
bootstrap.Initialize("defaultWorld");
}
}
Why do we duplicate data in ServerDataComponent/ClientDataComponent and ClientServerInfo? That seems super redundant...
Sometimes we want to use data in ECS, and because of that we save data in components so our systems can easily access it. At other times we want to use the data in a MonoBehaviour, so we save it in a GameObject to make it easily accessible to scripts.
This is not a rock-solid approach because it can be easy to "forget" to update data in one of the places we store it and not the other. The approach we take in this gitbook is to first always save any updates to ClientServerInfo and only push data into ECS from thereafter, as you might notice in ClientServerConnectionHandler.
Updating ClientServerConnectionHandler to pass through more data
- Now let's hit play and join through Host Game and Manual Connect and check out the updates to ClientServerInfo
- Play around! For example, go ahead and change up the input fields on the view to see the updates in ClientServerInfo (see gif below for ideas)
Changing hosting and joining values and seeing the data in ClientServerInfo
- Now let's update our SendClientGameRpc to include the game name
- Paste the code snippet below into SendClientGameRpc:
using AOT;
using Unity.Burst;
using Unity.Networking.Transport;
using Unity.NetCode;
using Unity.Entities;
using Unity.Collections;
using System.Collections;
using System;
public struct SendClientGameRpc : IRpcCommand
{
public int levelWidth;
public int levelHeight;
public int levelDepth;
public float playerForce;
public float bulletVelocity;
public FixedString64Bytes gameName;
}
Update SendClientGameRpc
- We need to include the updated information in ServerSendGameSystem
- Paste the code snippet below into ServerSendGameSystem.cs:
using Unity.Entities;
using Unity.Jobs;
using Unity.Collections;
using Unity.NetCode;
using UnityEngine;
//This component is only used by this system so we define it in this file
public struct SentClientGameRpcTag : IComponentData
{
}
//This system should only be run by the server (because the server sends the game settings)
//By sepcifying to update in group ServerSimulationSystemGroup it also specifies that it must
//be run by the server
[UpdateInGroup(typeof(ServerSimulationSystemGroup))]
[UpdateBefore(typeof(RpcSystem))]
public partial class ServerSendGameSystem : SystemBase
{
private BeginSimulationEntityCommandBufferSystem m_Barrier;
protected override void OnCreate()
{
m_Barrier = World.GetOrCreateSystem<BeginSimulationEntityCommandBufferSystem>();
RequireSingletonForUpdate<GameSettingsComponent>();
RequireSingletonForUpdate<ServerDataComponent>();
}
protected override void OnUpdate()
{
var commandBuffer = m_Barrier.CreateCommandBuffer();
var serverData = GetSingleton<GameSettingsComponent>();
var gameNameData = GetSingleton<ServerDataComponent>();
Entities
.WithNone<SentClientGameRpcTag>()
.ForEach((Entity entity, in NetworkIdComponent netId) =>
{
commandBuffer.AddComponent(entity, new SentClientGameRpcTag());
var req = commandBuffer.CreateEntity();
commandBuffer.AddComponent(req, new SendClientGameRpc
{
levelWidth = serverData.levelWidth,
levelHeight = serverData.levelHeight,
levelDepth = serverData.levelDepth,
playerForce = serverData.playerForce,
bulletVelocity = serverData.bulletVelocity,
gameName = gameNameData.GameName
});
commandBuffer.AddComponent(req, new SendRpcCommandRequestComponent {TargetConnection = entity});
}).Schedule();
m_Barrier.AddJobHandleForProducer(Dependency);
}
}
Updating ServerSendGameSystem with new data to send
- Now let's update the ClientLoadGameSystem to update ClientDataComponent with the game name. This will update our Game UI with the game name
- Paste the code snippet below into ClientLoadGameSystem.cs:
using Unity.Entities;
using Unity.NetCode;
using UnityEngine;
//This will only run on the client because it updates in ClientSimulationSystemGroup (which the server does not have)
[UpdateInGroup(typeof(ClientSimulationSystemGroup))]
[UpdateBefore(typeof(RpcSystem))]
public partial class ClientLoadGameSystem : SystemBase
{
private BeginSimulationEntityCommandBufferSystem m_BeginSimEcb;
protected override void OnCreate()
{
//We will be using the BeginSimECB
m_BeginSimEcb = World.GetOrCreateSystem<BeginSimulationEntityCommandBufferSystem>();
//Requiring the ReceiveRpcCommandRequestComponent ensures that update is only run when an NCE exists
RequireForUpdate(GetEntityQuery(ComponentType.ReadOnly<SendClientGameRpc>(), ComponentType.ReadOnly<ReceiveRpcCommandRequestComponent>()));
//This is just here to make sure the Sub Scene is streamed in before the client sets up the level data
RequireSingletonForUpdate<GameSettingsComponent>();
RequireSingletonForUpdate<ClientDataComponent>();
}
protected override void OnUpdate()
{
//We must declare our local variables before using them within a job (.ForEach)
var commandBuffer = m_BeginSimEcb.CreateCommandBuffer();
var rpcFromEntity = GetBufferFromEntity<OutgoingRpcDataStreamBufferComponent>();
var gameSettingsEntity = GetSingletonEntity<GameSettingsComponent>();
var getGameSettingsComponentData = GetComponentDataFromEntity<GameSettingsComponent>();
Entities
.ForEach((Entity entity, in SendClientGameRpc request, in ReceiveRpcCommandRequestComponent requestSource) =>
{
//This destroys the incoming RPC so the code is only run once
commandBuffer.DestroyEntity(entity);
//Check for disconnects before moving forward
if (!rpcFromEntity.HasComponent(requestSource.SourceConnection))
return;
//Set the game size (unnecessary right now but we are including it to show how it is done)
getGameSettingsComponentData[gameSettingsEntity] = new GameSettingsComponent
{
levelWidth = request.levelWidth,
levelHeight = request.levelHeight,
levelDepth = request.levelDepth,
playerForce = request.playerForce,
bulletVelocity = request.bulletVelocity
};
//Here we create a new singleton entity for GameNameComponent
//We could add this component to the singleton entity that has the GameSettingsComponent
//but we will keep them separate in case we want to change workflows in the future and don't
//want these components to be dependent on the same entity
var gameNameEntity= commandBuffer.CreateEntity();
commandBuffer.AddComponent(gameNameEntity, new GameNameComponent {
GameName = request.gameName
});
//These update the NCE with NetworkStreamInGame (required to start receiving snapshots) and
//PlayerSpawningStateComponent, which we will use when we spawn players
commandBuffer.AddComponent(requestSource.SourceConnection, new PlayerSpawningStateComponent());
commandBuffer.AddComponent(requestSource.SourceConnection, default(NetworkStreamInGame));
//This tells the server "I loaded the level"
//First we create an entity called levelReq that will have 2 necessary components
//Next we add the RPC we want to send (SendServerGameLoadedRpc) and then we add
//SendRpcCommandRequestComponent with our TargetConnection being the NCE with the server (which will send it to the server)
var levelReq = commandBuffer.CreateEntity();
commandBuffer.AddComponent(levelReq, new SendServerGameLoadedRpc());
commandBuffer.AddComponent(levelReq, new SendRpcCommandRequestComponent {TargetConnection = requestSource.SourceConnection});
}).Schedule();
m_BeginSimEcb.AddJobHandleForProducer(Dependency);
}
}
Updating ClientLoadGameSystem to pass through new data
- Right-click in the Assets/UI folder and Create a new C# Script named GameOverlayUpdater
- GameOverlapUpdater will be responsible for updating our GameUI overlay and pulling the ClientDataComponent and setting ClientServerInfo GameName
- It will update the game name and player name shown in the game UI
- It will also be responsible for updating player scores
- Paste the code snippet below into the newly created GameOverlayUpdater.cs:
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.UIElements;
using Unity.Entities;
using Unity.NetCode;
using Unity.Collections;
using Unity.Jobs;
public class GameOverlayUpdater : MonoBehaviour
{
//This is how we will grab access to the UI elements we need to update
public UIDocument m_GameUIDocument;
private VisualElement m_GameManagerUIVE;
private Label m_GameName;
private Label m_GameIp;
private Label m_PlayerName;
private Label m_CurrentScoreText;
private Label m_HighScoreText;
private Label m_HighestScoreText;
//We will need ClientServerInfo to update our VisualElements with appropriate valuess
public ClientServerInfo ClientServerInfo;
private ClientSimulationSystemGroup m_ClientWorldSimulationSystemGroup;
//Will check for GameNameComponent
private EntityQuery m_GameNameComponentQuery;
private bool gameNameIsSet = false;
void OnEnable()
{
//We set the labels that we will need to update
m_GameManagerUIVE = m_GameUIDocument.rootVisualElement;
m_GameName = m_GameManagerUIVE.Q<Label>("game-name");
m_GameIp = m_GameManagerUIVE.Q<Label>("game-ip");
m_PlayerName = m_GameManagerUIVE.Q<Label>("player-name");
//Scores will be updated in a future section
m_CurrentScoreText = m_GameManagerUIVE.Q<Label>("current-score");
m_HighScoreText = m_GameManagerUIVE.Q<Label>("high-score");
m_HighestScoreText = m_GameManagerUIVE.Q<Label>("highest-score");
}
// Start is called before the first frame update
void Start()
{
//We set the initial client data we already have as part of ClientDataComponent
m_GameIp.text = ClientServerInfo.ConnectToServerIp;
m_PlayerName.text = ClientServerInfo.PlayerName;
//If it is not the client, stop running this script (unnecessary)
if (!ClientServerInfo.IsClient)
{
this.enabled = false;
}
//Now we search for the client world and the client simulation system group
//so we can communicated with ECS in this MonoBehaviour
foreach (var world in World.All)
{
if (world.GetExistingSystem<ClientSimulationSystemGroup>() != null)
{
m_ClientWorldSimulationSystemGroup = world.GetExistingSystem<ClientSimulationSystemGroup>();
m_GameNameComponentQuery = world.EntityManager.CreateEntityQuery(ComponentType.ReadOnly<GameNameComponent>());
}
}
}
// Update is called once per frame
void Update()
{
//We do not need to continue if we do not have a GameNameComponent yet
if(m_GameNameComponentQuery.IsEmptyIgnoreFilter)
return;
//If we have a GameNameComponent we need to update ClientServerInfo and then our UI
//We only need to do this once so we have a boolean flag to prevent this from being ran more than once
if(!gameNameIsSet)
{
ClientServerInfo.GameName = m_ClientWorldSimulationSystemGroup.GetSingleton<GameNameComponent>().GameName.ToString();
m_GameName.text = ClientServerInfo.GameName;
gameNameIsSet = true;
}
}
}
- We already covered most of the techniques used here (grabbing UI Document, querying for Visual Elements, setting them to values) in the "Creating a ListView" page in the "UI Builder and UI Toolkit" section of the gitbook
- So, if what we are doing here in this section is blowing your mind and you don't feel comfortable moving forward, we implore you to visit our earlier section, "UI Builder and UI Toolkit," where we take you step-by-step through UI Builder and UI Toolkit
Creating GameOverlayUpdater
- Let's add GameOverlayUpdater as a component to the GameUI GameObject in MainScene
- Click Add Component in Inspector while GameUI is selected in Hierarchy and add GameOverlayUpdater
- Now let's drag the GameUI GameObject and the ClientServerInfo GameObjects into the appropriate fields on the component and save the scene, then return to NavigationScene
Updating GameUI GameObject with GameOverlayUpdater
- Let's hit play, join a game, and see how our game UI gets updated
Game UI updating when hosting or joining
We now have our Game UI updated with player and game information
- We updated ClientServerInfo to take in additional data
- We updated ServerDataComponent and ClientDataComponent to take in additional data
- We created GameNameComponent
- We updated ClientServerConnectionHandler to pass through more data from the launch objects
- We updated SendClientGameRpc to include the game name
- Updated ServerSendGameSystem to add the game name to the RPC
- We updated ClientLoadGameSystem to create GameNameComponent when receiving the RPC
- We created GameOverLayUpdater to update the Game UI
Now that we have 2 scenes, we need to update our build configurations so that we can test how our game responds to clients/hosts leaving games.
- Select BaseBuildConfiguration in the Assets/BuildSettings folder in your Project
- Go the Inspector. Under "Scene List" click the drop down icon next to "Scene Infos" and click "+ Add Element"
- Update Element 0 to be NavigationScene (drag "NavigationScene" from your Scenes folder into the Scene field)
- Update Element 1 to be MainScene (drag "MainScene" from your Scenes folder into the Scene field)
- Uncheck "Build Current Scene" at the top of Scene List if it isn't already unchecked
- Uncheck "Auto Load" for Element 0 if it isn't already unchecked
- Click "Apply" at the bottom
- Go to File > Build Settings and click the "Player Settings..." button in the bottom left corner
- When Player is selected on the left, go to the Resolution and Presentation section and set FullScreen Mode to "Windowed"
- This will make it easier for testing
- If a scroll bar appears in your window increase the Default Screen Height to 1000px
- This sometimes happens on retina screens
- Also make the screen resizeable
- In your Project folder, go to the BuildSettings folder, click on the file with your development platform name (i.e. macOS) then hit "Build and Run" in Inspector
Updating build settings for our 2 scenes and to be windowed
Increasing our default window height to 1000px
- Open your Unity editor, hit player, and host a game
- In your running build manually join the game
- In your running build quit the game
A floating corpse!
- Notice that our player has not disappeared from the game when the client disconnected
- A floating corpse!
We have updated our build configurations
- We updated BaseBuildConfiguration
- We updated Player Settings
These are two ways to handle leaving a game:
- 1.Hitting the "Quit Game" button at the top of the game UI
- 2.Timing out (through either quitting the app or losing network connectivity)
When a client or server times out, NetCode automatically adds a "NetworkStreamDisconnected" component to the NCE "on the other side" that is still in the game. So if a client times out, the server gets it on their NCE, if a server times out, the client gets it on their NCE.
Network connectionThe network connection uses the Unity Transport package and stores each connection as an entity. Each connection entity has a NetworkStreamConnection component with theTransporthandle for the connection. The connection also has aNetworkStreamDisconnectedcomponent for one frame, after it disconnects and before the entity is destroyed.To request disconnect, add aNetworkStreamRequestDisconnectcomponent to the entity. Direct disconnection through the driver is not supported. Your game can mark a connection as being in-game, with theNetworkStreamInGamecomponent. Your game must do this; it is never done automatically.
NetCode provides NetworkStreamDisconnect automatically if a client/server times out. We can also trigger a NetworkStreamDisconnect automatically by adding a NetworkStreamRequestDisconnect tag. If the client or host clicks the "Quit Game" button on-screen, we can add NetworkStreamRequestDisconnect to inform everyone of the departure. The host must tell all clients. The client only needs to tell the server.
If the client notices a server disconnect, they'll be taken back to the NavigationScene as if they clicked the "Quit Game" button.
We are going to "clean" up any disconnected players on the server if a client leaves by deleting their player entity. We will do this by checking for a "NetworkStreamDisconnected" component on any NCEs.
When a client leaves, it must tell the server "I am leaving, goodbye!" before it goes. (Irish exiting is a great method of leaving parties, but it's not great for keeping a clean server game 👋)
- First, we will add NetworkStreamRequestDisconnect to our client NCE before we leave. This will happen in ClientServerConnectionHandler
- This will allow the server to follow a clean-up workflow
- We will also update ClientServerConnectionHandler to delete our launch objects
- Paste the code snippet below into ClientServerConnectionHandler.cs:
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
using Unity.Entities;
using Unity.NetCode;
using UnityEngine.UIElements;
using UnityEngine.SceneManagement;
public class ClientServerConnectionHandler : MonoBehaviour
{
//This is the store of server/client info
public ClientServerInfo ClientServerInfo;
//These are the launch objects from Navigation scene that tells what to set up
private GameObject[] launchObjects;
//These will gets access to the UI views
public UIDocument m_GameUIDocument;
private VisualElement m_GameManagerUIVE;
//We will use these variables for hitting Quit Game
private ClientSimulationSystemGroup m_ClientSimulationSystemGroup;
private World m_ClientWorld;
private EntityQuery m_NetworkIdComponentQuery;